tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49771848865344799312024-02-08T21:45:29.793+07:00Sejarah Kepemimpinan IslamAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07218496003963382926noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4977184886534479931.post-45460223291871415012013-01-31T08:27:00.002+07:002013-01-31T08:27:50.942+07:00Sejarah Masa Kekhalifahan Abu Bakr <br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">SEJARAH ISLAM MASA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">KHALIFAH ABU BAKR ASH-SHIDDIQ<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kronologi
Ringkas<a href="file:///G:/kerjo/MODUL%20II%20-%20SEJARAH%20KHULAFAURRASYIDIN.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">632
M:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peristiwa Tsaqifah Banu
Saidah dan pembaiatan Abu Bakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Usamah memimpin
ekspedisi Mu’tah, kawasan Syria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perang Zu Qissa dan
Perang Abraq, melawan pembangkang “zakat”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perang Buzakha, Perang
Zafar dan Perang Naqra. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Konsolidasi dalam
rangka perlawanan Banu Tamim dan Musailimah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">633
M: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perlawanan pada
Bahrayn, Oman, Mahrah, Yaman, dan Hadramawt. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dimulainya penyergapan-penyergapan
(ghazwah) di Irak. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hirah, ibukota lama
Sasani, yang dibentengi sungai Eufrat, direbut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perang-perang Kazima,
Mazar, Walaja, Ulleis, Hirah, Anbar, ‘Ain at-Tamr, Daumatul Jandal, dan Firaz,
yang menolak otoritas Madinah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">634
M: <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perang-perang Basra,
Damaskus, dan Ajnadin. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wafat Abu Bakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Abu
Bakr sebelum menjadi Khalifah<a href="file:///G:/kerjo/MODUL%20II%20-%20SEJARAH%20KHULAFAURRASYIDIN.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dilahirkan
dengan nama Abdullah bin Abi Quhafah, ayahnya bernama Abu Quhafah, sedangkan
ibunya Ummu al-Khair.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berasal
dari Banu Taim ibn Murrah yang diserahi tugas menarik denda masyarakat Quraisy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ketika
remaja mendapat julukan <i>atiq</i> karena
kulitnya putih bersih. Sedangkan nama Abu Bakar masih belum jelas asal usulnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Karakter:
lemah lembut, tidak tegaan, dermawan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Track
Record:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sahabat
Nabi sejak kecil, dan Nabi menyebut sahabat sejati (khalil) saat di Madinah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Orang
yang pertama kali masuk islam, golongan assabiqunal awwalun, dan darinya
kemudian mengajak Utsman bin affan dan sahabat-sahabat assabiqunal awwalun yang
lainnya (Abdurrahman bin Auf, Talhah, Zubair bin Awwam, Abu Ubaidah al-Jarrah).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dipercaya
menjadi pemimpin Banu Taim bin Murrah, sehingga Abu Bakarlah yang meneruskan
pengelolaan denda di Quraisy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Orang
yang membenarkan Isra’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Saudagar
yang kaya, tapi dermawan (membebaskan beberapa budak).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mertua
Nabi, karena Nabi menikahi anaknya Aisyah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Orang
yang bersama Nabi saat Hijrah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengikuti
perang-perang penting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menggantikan
Nabi menjadi Imam saat Nabi sakit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Proses
terpilihnya Abu Bakr di Tasqifah Banu Saidah.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Saat
Rasulullah meninggal 12 Rabiul Awwal, awal tahun 11 H (3 Juni 632 M), Aisyah
beserta istri-istri Nabi, Ali bin Abi Thalib, Abbas, dan beberapa saudara Muhammad di rumah Aisyah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Abu
Bakar yang mengetahui berita tsb langsung menuju rumah Aisyah dari rumahnya di
Sunuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berita
kematian Rasulullah tersebar dikalangan umat islam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mendengar
berita kematian Nabi Muhammad, Umar kemudian menolak berita kematian tersebut,
dia mengatakan Muhammad hanya pergi sementara seperti Musa pergi menemui
Tuhannya dan akan kembali, serta mengancam akan memenggal orang yang mengatakan
Nabi meninggal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Abu
Bakar mendengar hal itu langsung memperingatkan Umar dengan QS. 3:144, kemudian
Umar tersadar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Muncul
berita bahwa orang-orang Anshar lagi
berkumpul di Tsaqifah Banu Saidah (balai pertemuannya Banu Saidah) hendak
memilih pemimpin, dan Sa’d bin Ubadah (pemimpin suku Aus) yang sedang sakit
menjadi calon terkuatnya. Mendengar hal itu Abu Bakar yang sedang dirumah
Rasulullah segera menuju tempat tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Terjadilah
proses dialektika pemilihan pemimpin di tasqifah Banu Saidah tsb<a href="file:///G:/kerjo/MODUL%20II%20-%20SEJARAH%20KHULAFAURRASYIDIN.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Inti
pidato Sa’ad ibn Ubadah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Nabi mengajak orang Makkah, hanya sedikit yang
mengikutinya. Di Madinah-lah Nabi dan para pengikutnya mendapatkan perlindungan
dan pertolongan, ini menyebabkan Anshâr menjadi yang termulia, paling bermartabat
dan harus didahulukan daripada Muhâjirûn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Akhirnya, kekuasaan tidak boleh dilepaskan dari Anshâr.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Inti
pidato Abu Bakar:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tak
boleh ada dua pimpinan dalam satu komunitas, maka kalau Muhâjirûn memegang
kekuasaan, tidak bisa tidak, Anshâr pasti akan dilibatkan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Salah
seorang Anshâr:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kami adalah para penolong Allah (Anshârullah) dan pasukan
Islam, dan kalian dari golongan Muhâjirûn sekelompok kecil, datang kemari
mewakili golongan kalian. Tetapi, ternyata sekarang tuan-tuan mau mengambil hak
kami secara paksa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Inti
pidato Hubab ibn al-Munzir ibn al-Jamuh:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menghimbau orang Anshar untuk mempertahankan hak
kekuasaan mereka, karena mayoritas Madinah
mendukung mereka. Ia lalu mengajukan kompromi dari ‘Aws.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Seperti sudah kita lihat: kompromi ini pasti tidak masuk
di akal Abu Bakar, Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah, dan Umar yang memahami maksud Nabi:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">kesatuan komunitas Islam, dalam arti gagasan inti
religius dan politis!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lalu,
muncullah argumen paling meyakinkan dari Abu Bakar:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menekankan
kesatuan politis umat Islam seperti diteladankan oleh Nabi. Ada tujuan yang
belum tuntas: kelestarian dan penyebaran risalah Allah!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dua
pemimpin akan membuyarkan cita-cita Nabi, seseorang yang 10 tahun belakangan
ini menjadi panutan mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Akankah
ini akan dibuyarkan begitu saja, sesaat setelah Nabi wafat? Tidak boleh!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dari
segala orang Arab, Quraisy adalah suku yang paling dihormati, baik karena
peradaban kotanya, kekayaannya, atau karena kewibawaan dan kecerdasan para
pemukanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tanggung
jawab itu, diakui atau tidak, merupakan beban bagi Quraisy pengikut sejati
Nabi. Jadi, bukan persoalan ambisi!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Jadi,
kenyataan sosial, humanisme kesukuan dan “mindset keutamaan” Arab-lah yang
menghendaki hal semacam itu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lalu,
bagaimana mungkin Arab akan mengikuti Anshâr, kalau di negeri mereka sendiri,
Madinah, sejumlah segi penting kehidupan mereka dikuasai orang lain (Yahudi)
sebelum kedatangan Nabi?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kekuasaan
Madinah hanya dapat diakui oleh orang Arab lain kalau kendalinya berada di
tangan orang Quraisy; dan dengan itu, Madinah dapat berusaha memaksakan
ketundukan pada seluruh Arab.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Argumen
ini demikian meyakinkan mayoritas Anshâr yang hadir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pemuka
Khazraj lain, Basyir ibn Sa’ad Abu Nu’man segera mendukung argumen-argumen ini;
diikuti oleh pemuka ‘Aws, Usaid ibn Hudzair juga mendukung, tapi dengan
pertimbangan agak lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">“Sekali Khazraj memerintah kita, maka akan tetap mereka
mempunyai kelebihan atas kita, dengan mereka samasekali kita tidak akan
mendapat hak apa-apa.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lalu
Umar membaiat Abu Bakr terlebih dahulu dan menunjukkan beberapa keunggulan
politis Abu Bakr, diikuti oleh Abu Ubaidah, dan kemudian orang-orang anshar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sa’ad
ibn Ubadah tetap menolak; namun, saat itu mayoritas yang hadir sudah
dimenangkan hatinya oleh Abu Bakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> Tampaklah bahwa pembai’atan kepada Abu
Bakar bukan tindakan tanpa pikir, tetapi argumentasi meyakinkan menyangkut
“struktur nalar kepemimpinan Arab” yang disampaikan dengan kata-kata yang
lembut dan santun dan mengena itu, membuat tak ada tokoh lain di seantero
Muhâjirûn yang lebih layak daripadanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pembaiatan
kemudian diikuti oleh semua orang baik Muhajirin dan Anshar, namun Sa’d bin
Ubadah tetap tidak mau membaiat karena masih kuat menginginkan kepemimpinan ada
disisinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: FI;">Setelah
itu mereka ikut memakamkan Rasulullah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Reaksi
beberapa orang elit saat itu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Baiklah
disinggung dulu reaksi Abu Sufyan, dia terkejut karena yang dipilih adalah Abu
Bakar, bukan kalangan keluarga Nabi atau Banu Hasyim. Hal ini sangat wajar
dikarenakan dia sebelum itu adalah pemimpin Quraisy dan seorang mukallaf (baru
masuk islam).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Demikian
pula dengan Abbas, paman Nabi, yang rupanya menginginkan Ali menduduki jabatan
itu. Dirinya sendiri, jelaslah umum mengetahuinya sebagai seorang “mu‘allaf”
pula, meski ia adalah pimpinan Banu Hasyim di Makkah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Yang
justru menarik adalah Ali, tampaknya ia pun menginginkan jabatan itu untuk
dirinya sendiri. Ia adalah pimpinan Banu Hasyim di Madinah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dan
memang Banu Hasyim secara mutlak di belakangnya; misalnya;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Fathimah tak pernah membai’at Abu Bakar; setelah wafatnya
istrinya itu, 6 bulan kemudian, baru Ali membai’atnya; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">beberapa Banu Hasyim terus-menerus berunding di rumah Ali
berkaitan dengan bai’at pada Abu Bakar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Walaupun
demikian, akhirnya orang-orang akhirnya membaiat Abu Bakr dan mentaatinya sebagai
seorang pemimpin sampai Abu Bakr wafat<a href="file:///G:/kerjo/MODUL%20II%20-%20SEJARAH%20KHULAFAURRASYIDIN.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah
dibaiat, lalu Abu Bakr Ash-Shiddiq menyampaiakan Pidato politik. Yang pada
intinya:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Menunjukkan bahwa masih
banyak orang yang lebih baik dari dia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meminta kerjasama dari
semua umat islam, dan mengingatkannya agar senantiasa lurus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Abu Bakr meneruskan
kebijakan Nabi Muhammad sebelumnya yakni perang melawan romawi, yang dipimpin
oleh Usamah bin Zaid yang masih sangat muda, Khalifah memberikan kebijakan
meneruskan apa-apa yang sudah ditetapkan Nabi sebelumnya, dengan tidak mau
mengganti panglima perangnya, walaupun beberapa sahabat termasuk Umar bin
Khattab tidak sepakat, dengan dalih <i>“saya
tidak akan pernah merubah apa yang sudah ditetapkan oleh Allah dan Rasul-Nya”.</i>
Pasukan ini kemudian berangkat melawan pasukan Romawi dalam perang Mu’tah II, dan
akhirnya berhasil membuat pasukan Romawi mundur. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Munculnya gerakan dari
beberapa kabilah dan suku-suku Arab yang tidak mau untuk membayarkan zakatnya
ke Medinah, walaupun mereka masih tetap menerima islam (bersyahadat)<a href="file:///G:/kerjo/MODUL%20II%20-%20SEJARAH%20KHULAFAURRASYIDIN.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kelompok-kelompok
penolak zakat diantaranya;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Suku Bangsa Abes, Dzubyan, dan suku-suku lain disekitar
Madinah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Didukung oleh suku Kinanah, Ghatafan, dan Fazarah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sebab
menolak zakat;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menganggap setelah Nabi Wafat maka tidak ada aturan untuk
membayar zakat kepada Abu Bakar.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Merasa dirugikan.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bentuk
penolakan:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tidak
mau membayar zakat, saat ada petugas amil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengirim
surat penolakan terang-terangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengepung
Madinah, hendak menyerang madinah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Abu Bakr mengajak
musyawarah sahabat untuk memecahkan permasalahn ini, yang kemudian terjadi perbedaan
pandangan antara Khalifah Abu Bakr dengan Umar bin Khattab tentang penyikapan terhadap orang-orang yang
tidak mau membayar zakat ini. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Umar bin Khattab
didukung oleh sebagian besar sahabat berpendapat tidak ada alasan untuk
memerangi mereka, karena mereka telah bersyahadat, sesuai dengan pernyataan
Nabi<i>, “Aku hanya diperintahkan memerangi
orang-orang sampai mereka mengucapkan “Laa Ilaha Illallah Muhammad Rasulullah</i>”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sedangkan Abu Bakr
berpendapat bahwa mereka harus diperangi, karena mereka memisahkan antara zakat
dengan perintah Allah yang lain, dan Abu Bakr kuat memegang teguh pendapat
terserbut, dan pada akhirnya sahabat yang lainnya sepakat untuk memerangi
orang-orang yang menolak membayar zakat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Abu Bakr memerintahkan
kepada beberapa pasukannya untuk menaklukkan orang-orang yang tidak mau
membayar zakat, salah satunya adalah pasukan yang dipimpin oleh Khalid bin
Walid yang dengan sigapnya mampu menaklukkan suku-suku yang menolak membayar
zakat tsb.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam perjalanannya
kembali, Khalid menyerang sukunya Malik bin Nauwaihirah, yang dianggap
membangkang zakat, dan dianggap bekerjasama dengan Nabi palsu hendak menyerang
islam. Akhirnya dalam penyergapan ini, sukunya Malik berhasil di kalahkan, dan
Malik sendiri dibunuh oleh Khalid, pembunuhan terhadap Malik bin Nuwaihirah ini
menjadi polemic ditubuh umat islam, karena Khalid pasca membunuh Khalid dia
lalu menikahi istrinya Malik bin Nuwaihirah, si Laila yang cantik sebelum
kering darah suaminya. Ada beberapa informasi yang menunjukkan bahwa sebenarnya
si Malik sebenarnya sudah menyerah, dan bersyahadat, akan tetapi dia tetap
dibunuh, tapi menurut Khalid dia telah membangkang dari islam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peristiwa inilah yang
membuat Umar bin Khattab, marah, dan meminta Khalifah abu Bakr untuk mencopot
Khalid. Akan tetapi Abu Bakr hanya memamggilnya, menanyakan duduk masalah
secara personal dengan Khalid, dan sehabis itu, ternyata Khalid malah diberikan
mandat memimpin penaklukkan terhadap para pemberontak arab (kaum riddah dan
Nabi Palsu).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Umar menanyakan
kebijakan itu, akan tetapi Khalifah Abu Bakr tetap pada kebijakannya untuk
memanfaatkan kemampuan Khalid sebagai pimpinan militer, karena dialah yang dijuluki
syaifullah (pedang Allah), dengan menyatakan <i>“Saya tidak akan menyarungkan pedang Allah yang sudah terhunus untuk
menghancurkan kekafiran”.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Munculnya
kaum-kaum yang murtad (keluar dari islam) dan di tambah dengan munculnya
Nabi-nabi palsu<a href="file:///G:/kerjo/MODUL%20II%20-%20SEJARAH%20KHULAFAURRASYIDIN.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">PEMBERONTAKAN
THULAIHAH & PERANG BUZAKHA</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Siapakah Thulaihah:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Orang yang mengaku Nabi (sudah memproklamirkan sebelum
Nabi wafat).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Awalnya dia tinggal di Samira lalu pindah ke Buzakha
lebih strategis.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 92.15pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pengikutnya adalah orang-orang dari Suku Tha’i, Ghatafan,
Sulaim, dan bergabung pula kelompok penolak zakat yang telah dikalahkan (Suku
Abes, Dzubyan, dan Bani Bakr)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sebab-sebab
pemberontakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 92.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level3 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sebab
Thulaihah memberontak </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> ingin jadi Nabi seperti Muhammad (prospek jadi Nabi
sangat menguntungkan)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 92.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level3 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sebab
banyak yang ikut </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> Budaya kesukuan yang tinggi (pernyataan Uyainah pemimpin
Ghatafan yang menginginkan Nabi dari sukunya sendiri), tingkat rasionalitas
yang rendah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pengaruh
Thulaihah </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> kegoncangan politik di Jazirah Arab (internal), membuat
ayat-ayat baru, menolak zakat, dan berusaha menghancurkan pemerintahan di
Madinah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Perang
melawan Thulaihah dipimpin oleh Khalid bin Walid dan menang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pengaruh
kemenangan Umat islam;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Beberapa
suku kembali ke islam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Beberapa
lagi menyatukan diri ke Ummu Zimil/ Salma binti Malik (wanita pemberontak) yang
merupakan bibi Uyainah, motif mengadakan pembalasan atas terbunuhnya suaminya
pimpinan Banu Fazarah saat pertempuran Wadi al-Qurra (muslim dipimpin Zaid bin
Haritsah).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ummu
Zimil adalah budak Aisyah yang kemudian dibebaskan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Namun
pemberontakan ini berhasil ditumpas oleh Khalid bin Walid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Amnesti
Abu Bakar terhadap Thulaihah sebab dia sudah masuk islam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PERANG YAMAMAH<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Musailamah
ibn Habib sebenarnya berasal dari Banu Hanifah (letaknya didaerah selatan
thaif), dia dijuluki oleh umat islam Musailamah al-Kadzdzab (Musailamah sang
pembohong) karena mengaku dirinya Nabi, namun dia mempunyai pengaruh yang
sangat besar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Muslimin
melawan dengan kekuatan 40 ribu pasukan dibagi menjadi beberapa divisi.
Sedangkan musuh yang dihadapi kekuatannya sekitar 100.000 orang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Divisi
yang dipimpin Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl menyerang dahulu, tapi kalah , lalu diperingatkan
Khalifah. Kemudian kepemimpinan digantikan Khalid bin Walid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam
perang tersebut muslim yang terbunuh kurang lebih 1200 orang, dan diantaranya
banyak penghafal al-Qur’an.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Akhirnya
Khalid berhasil memenangkan peperangan dan membunuh Nabi palsu Musailamah ibn
Habib, dan menikahi gadis cantik dari banu yang dikalahkan tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Selain
itu, pasukan-pasukan islam memerangi kaum murtad yang lain, diantaranya: di
Bahrain, Oman dan Muhrah, di Yaman, di Kindah dan Hadramaut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Khalid bin Walid-lah
yang menjadi ujung tombak dalam beberapa penaklukkan kaum murtad
didaerah-daerah tersebut, dan juga sempat menikahi beberapa wanita lagi, sampai
kemudian Abu Bakr memanggilnya untuk memimpin ekspansi ke Persia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kebijakan
pengumpulan mushaf al-Qur’an.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dilatarbelakangi
meninggalnya banyak sekali penghafal Qur’an, Umar bin Khattab takut kalau
nantinya semakin sedikit orang-orang yang hafal Qur’an, bahkan jika penghafal
Qur’an semuanya meninggal, padahal al-Qur’an masih tercerai berai umat islam
akan tidak mengenali al-Qur’an secara utuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Oleh karena itu, dia
memberi masukan kepada Khalifah Abu Bakr untuk mengumpulkan al-Qur’an dan
menjadikannya 1 mushaf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Awalnya Abu Bakr
menolak, karena hal ini tidak pernah diperintahkan oleh Allah dan Rasul-Nya,
namun dengan pertimbangan kemaslahatan yang diyakinkan oleh Umar, akhirnya Khalifah
abu Bakr menerimanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Metode pengumpulannya
adalah dengan mengumpulkan semua tulisan al-Qur’an yang tertulis pada lembaran,
kulit hewan, tulang, dll, kemudian menuliskannya pada lembaran dan menyusunnya
secara lebih rapi. Yang menjalankan ini adalah sahabat-sahabat Nabi yang ahli
Qur’an, dan hasilnya diujikan lagi ke para penghafal Qur’an.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada masa itu mushaf
al-Qur’an jadi, yang kemudian menjadi pijakan untuk membuat mushaf Utsmany pada
masa Khalifah Utsman nantinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kebijakan
Ekspansi ke Persia.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berita
dari al-Mutsanna, bawa dia adalah orang yang mengetahui seluk beluk persia, dan
dia serta sukunya adalah orang-orang yang pemberani, disamping itu kondisi
Persia saat itu dalam kondisi yang lemah, karena terjadi konflik di internal
mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Abu
Bakr memberika kebijakan untuk menyerang Persia, dan memanggil Khalid untuk
memimpin pasukan tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Disaat
yang sama Abu Bakr juga memberikan kebijakan penaklukkan wilayah Syam, yang
dipimpin oleh aminul ummah Abu Ubaidah al-Jarrah, dan disertakan pula para
ahli-ahli perang islam, diantaranya Abu Sufyan, Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan,
Ikrimah, Amr bin Ash, dll.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Penaklukkan
yang dilakukan Khalid dibantu oleh jendral lapangan yang kuat seperti
al-Mutsanna, Abu Qa’ Qa’ bin Amr, yang sangat membantu melancarkan serangan dan
membuat islam senantiasa menang, diantaranya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Penyerangan
ke Mahdar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penyerangan
ke Ulais & Nahru ad-Dain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hirah
menjadi markas pasukan muslim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penguasaan
Anbar & Ain Tamar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level3 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penguasaan
Daumah Jandal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam kondisi tenang, Khalid
berhaji secara diam-diam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Karena kondisi
pertarungan dengan Romawi yang sangat alot, maka Khalifah Abu Bakr
memerintahkan kepada Khalid bin Walid, dibantu beberapa jendral lapangannya dan
pasukan kecuali al-Mutsanna untuk membantu pasukan islam lain melawan Romawi.
Dan Khalid harus sampai kesana dalam waktu yang cepat!.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Maka di Persia, pasukan
islam hanya dipimpin oleh al-Mutsanna,
dan pasukan yang telah terkurangi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam kondisi yang
seperti itu, pasukan islam diserang oleh pasukan Persia dalam jumlah besar,
yang kemudian islam mengalami kekalahan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dlam kondisi kekalahan
tsb, pasukan islam akhirnya mundur ke wilayah terluar Persia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Al-Mutsanna lalu datang
ke Medinah, untuk menunjukkan kondisi umat islam, dan meminta bantuan pasukan
kepada Khalifah Abu Bakr.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ternyata ketika itu,
bersamaan dengan sakit, dan wafatnya Abu Bakr, sampai kemudian diganti oleh
Umar. Yang kemudian kebijakan selanjutnya ditangan Umar bin Khattab.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Melawan
Romawi.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah menggeser
Romawi dari wilayah terluar di Arab pada perang Mu’tah II yang dipimpin oleh
Usamah bin Zaid.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Abu Bakr as-Shiddiq
memerintahkan kepada beberapa sahabat yang dipimpin oleh Abu Ubaidah untuk
melakuka ekspansi ke wilayah Syam (Romawi).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam proses perlawanan
dengan Romawi, islam dalam keadaan stagnan, belum ada perkembangan, sampai
kemudian Khalifah menambahkan kekuatan dengan tambahan Khalid bin Walid dan
beberapa pasukannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meninggalnya
Abu Bakr.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Khalifah Abu Bakr
memimpin selama 27 bulan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Abu bakar meninggal pada Senin, Jumadil Akhir 13 H (22
Agustus 634 M), akan tetapi dia sudah memilih penggantinya Umar bin Khattab
sebelum meninggal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dia meninggal
dengan menorehkan karya besar, yakni:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dengan cepat menyatukan kembali Arab kedalam pangkuan
islam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.35pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Membangun dasar-dasar imperium Islam, menguatkan arah
pembangunan islam selanjutnya, yakni menyatukan dunia dalam satu visi politik
islam, masyarakat yang thoyyibah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07218496003963382926noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4977184886534479931.post-90064783612691264572013-01-29T14:39:00.000+07:002013-01-31T08:24:00.097+07:00Sejarah Masa Khalifah Umar Bin Khattab<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">SEJARAH ISLAM MASA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">AMIRUL MUKMININ UMAR BIN KHATTAB<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Umar
sebelum menjadi Khalifah.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sebelum Masuk Islam:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">Menurut
Imam al-Dzahabi, Umar bin Khattab lahir pada tahun ke-13 setelah Tahun Gajah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Anak
dari Khattab (Banu Adi) seorang yang pemberani, cerdas, & sangat dihormati
Quraisy dan </span><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">Ibunya, Hantamah
bint Hisyam ibn al-Mughirah; jadi, adiknya Abu Jahl, dan Umar termasuk misanan
Khalid ibn al-Walid dari pihak ibu, yang berasal dai Banu Makhzum.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Perekonomiannya
menengah-bawah, sejak kecil dia harus membantu ayahnya untuk menggembalakan
unta atau kambing, dan mengangkat kayu bakar, dan biasanya menggunakan pakaian
yang sangat pendek terbuat dari bahan yang sangat kasar.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sejak
kecil dia dididik dengan baca tulis, puisi, berkuda, teknik pedang, dan tidak
lupa dia juga disuruh untuk menggembala kambing.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ayahnya
mendidiknya dengan keras (tidak ada kompromi untuk suatu kesalahan).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Hobinya
adalah bergulat, minum khamr, bersama wanita2 (terutama saat bulan Haram) dan
menunggang kuda.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dia
sebenarnya pedagang, tapi tidak bisa kaya sebab kurang bisa bergaul dengan
baik, dan setiap ke Syam dia lebih suka berdiskusi menambah pengetahuan dari
pada menfokusi perdagangannya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dia
adalah orang yang sangat membenci Islam sebab <i>Islam telah memecah bangsanya</i> bentuknya dengan menganiaya budak
islam, ingin membunuh Muhammad.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Masuk Islam & Perjuangan pada masa Nabi:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU;">Menurut
Imam al-Dzahabi dan masuk Islam pada usia 27 tahun. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Masuk
islamnya adalah saat dia mendengarkan kebenaran ayat-ayat Allah (QS. Thaha
(20): 1 – 8) dan QS. 69</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:42-47</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> kesadaran
ilmiah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Setelah
masuk islam dialah yang pemberani dan banyak jasa dalam islam:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Terang-terangan masuk islam & Hijrah.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mengikuti perang-perang penting (Badr, Uhud, dll).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">~<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berani berbeda dengan Nabi, bahkan sering kali
pendapatnya menjadi sebab turunnya ayat c: ayat tentang tawanan perang, ayat
tentang Hijab, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ayat tentang
istri-istri Nabi, </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">dll.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Perjuangan pada masa Khalifah Abu Bakar:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Orang
yang pertama kali membaiat Abu Bakar (menyelamatkan umat islam dari perpecahan).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menjadi
Wazir/ wakil dari Abu Bakar, yang seringkali memberikan sumbangan saran/
pendapat kepada Khalifah Abu Bakr dalam memecahkan masalah. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bahkan
sering berbeda pendapat c: pengangkatan Usamah, perang melawan orang yang tidak
mau membayar zakat, sikap terhadap Khalid bin Walid, dll </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: SV;"> tapi tetap obyektif & bisa mendudukkan dengan baik.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Proses
terpilihnya Umar bin Khattab menjadi Khalifah.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada saat sakit, Abu
Bakr sadar bahwa potensi hidupnya tidak lama lagi, dab dia harus segera memilih
pemimpin penggantinya, karena dia tidak ingin peristiwa Tsaqifah Banu Saidah
terjadi lagi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kemudian Abu Bakr yang
sudah mengantongi calonnya yakni Umar bin Khattab, mengajak diskusi beberapa
sahabat penting saat itu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Abdurrahman ibn ‘Awf : “Dialah
yang mempunyai pandangan terbaik, tetapi dia terlalu keras.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Utsman ibn Affan : “Isi
hatinya lebih baik daripada lahirnya. Tak ada orang yang seperti dia di
kalangan kita.”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Thalhah ibn Ubaidillah : “Sudah
Anda lihat bagaimana ia menghadapi orang padahal Anda ada di sampingnya.
Bagaimana pula kalau sudah Anda tinggalkan?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Juga dengan Sa’id ibn Zaid ibn Amr,
Usaid ibn Hudzair, dan beberapa pemuka Muhajirun dan Anshar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keluhan Abu Bakar: “Saya menyerahkan persoalan ini
kepada orang yang terbaik dalam hatiku. Tetapi, kalian merasa kesal, karenanya
menginginkan yang lain… Ya Allah, yang kuinginkan untuk mereka hanyalah yang
terbaik untuk mereka. Aku khawatir mereka dilanda kekacauan.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sejumlah orang mendukung
pilihannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tampaknya, para Sahabat
pun belum dapat sama sekali menanggalkan persepsi mereka masing-masing terhadap
Umar bin Khattab, yang pada intinya mereka agak keberatan dengan sikap umar
yang terlalu keras.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Akhir cerita: Abu Bakar
berwasiat agar Umar bin Khattab menjadi penggantinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reaksi muncul, tetapi
agaknya Anshar ada di belakang Umar, Quraisy lain mungkin “tak berani”
mengajukan klaim-klaim hak mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pidato politik Umar bin
Khattab dan pembaiatan umat islam kepadanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Umar menangkap adanya
keberatan dari sahabat Nabi terhadap sikapnya yang keras, oleh karena itu,
dalam pidato politiknya Umar berusaha meyakinkan kepada umat islam akan
kepemimpinannya, dan ternyata dengan komunikasi yang baik, Umar berhasil
meyakinkan umat islam saat itu yang kemudian mendukungnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PIDATO
AWAL AMIRUL MUKMININ<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Saya
mendapat kesan, orang merasa takut karena sikap saya yang<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">keras.
Kata mereka Umar bersikap demikian keras kepada kami, sementara<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rasulullah
masih berada di tengah-tengah kita, juga bersikap<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">keras
demikian sewaktu Abu Bakr menggantikannya. Apalagi sekarang,<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kalau
kekuasaan sudah di tangannya. Benarlah orang yang berkata<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">begitu.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"...
Ketika itu saya bersama Rasulullah, ketika itu saya budak dan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pelayannya.
Tak ada orang yang mampu bersikap seperti Rasulullah,<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">begitu
ramah, seperti difirmankan Allah: Sekarang sudah datang<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kepadamu
seorang rasul dari golonganmu sendiri: terasa pedih hatinya<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahwa
kamu dalam penderitaan, sangat prihatin ia terhadap kamu,<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">penuh
kasih sayang kepada orang-orang beriman. (Qur'an, 9:128) Di<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hadapannya
ketika itu saya adalah pedang terhunus, sebelum disarungkan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">atau
kalau dibiarkan saya akan terus maju. Saya masih bersama<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rasulullah
sampai ia berpulang ke rahmatullah dengan hati lega terhadap<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">saya.
Alhamdulillah, saya pun merasa bahagia dengan Rasulullah.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Setelah
itu datang Abu Bakr memimpin Muslimin. Juga sudah<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tidak
asing lagi bagi Saudara-saudara, sikapnya yang tenang, dermawan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dan
lemah lembut. Ketika itu juga saya pelayan dan pembantunya. Saya<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gabungkan
sikap keras saya dengan kelembutannya. Juga saya adalah<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pedang
terhunus, sebelum disarungkan atau kalau dibiarkan saya akan terus<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">maju.
Saya masih bersama dia sampai ia berpulang ke rahmatullah dengan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hati
lega terhadap saya. Alhamdulillah, saya pun merasa bahagia<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dengan
Abu Bakr.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Kemudian
sayalah, saya yang akan mengurus kalian. <b>Ketahuilah<o:p></o:p></b></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saudara-saudara, bahwa
sikap keras itu sekarang sudah mencair. Sikap<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">itu hanya terhadap
orang yang berlaku zalim dan memusuhi kaum<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Muslimin. Tetapi buat
orang yang jujur, orang yang berpegang teguh<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pada agama dan berlaku
adil saya lebih lembut dari mereka semua.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saya tidak akan
membiarkan orang berbuat zalim kepada orang lain<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">atau melanggar hak
orang lain. Pipi orang itu akan saya letakkan di<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tanah dan pipinya yang
sebelah lagi akan saya injak dengan kakiku<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sampai ia mau kembali
kepada kebenaran. Sebaliknya, sikap saya yang<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">keras, bagi orang yang
bersih dan mau hidup sederhana, pipi saya ini<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">akan saya letakkan di
tanah</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Dalam
beberapa hal, Saudara-saudara berhak menegur saya.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bawalah
saya ke sana; yang perlu Saudara-saudara perhatikan, ialah:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Saudara-saudara
berhak menegur saya agar tidak memungut pajak<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">atas
kalian atau apa pun yang diberikan Allah kepada Saudara-saudara,<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kecuali
demi Allah; Saudara-saudara berhak menegur saya, jika ada<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sesuatu
yang di tangan saya agar tidak keluar yang tak pada tempatnya;<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saudara-saudara
berhak menuntut saya agar saya menambah penerimaan<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">atau
penghasilan Saudara-saudara, insya Allah, dan menutup segala<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kekurangan;
Saudara-saudara berhak menuntut saya agar Saudarasaudara<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tidak
terjebak ke dalam bencana, dan pasukan kita tidak terperangkap ke tangan musuh;
kalau Saudara-saudara berada jauh dalam<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">suatu
ekspedisi, sayalah yang akan menanggung keluarga yang menjadi<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tanggungan
Saudara-saudara.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Bertakwalah
kepada Allah, bantulah saya mengenai tugas Saudara-saudara,<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dan
bantulah saya dalam tugas saya menjalankan amar ma 'ruf<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nahi
munkar, dan bekalilah saya dengan nasihat-nasihat Saudara-saudara<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sehubungan
dengan tugas yang dipercayakan Allah kepada saya<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">demi
kepentingan Saudara-saudara sekalian. Demikianlah apa yang<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sudah
saya sampaikan, semoga Allah mengampuni kita semua."<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambaran umum ekspansi
islam di era Umar bin Khattab<a href="file:///G:/kerjo/MODUL%20II%20-%20SEJARAH%20KHULAFAURRASYIDIN.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">634 M:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kekuatan Bizantium
dikalahkan di Syiria Selatan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">635 M: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Damaskus direbut, dan
disusul oleh beberapa kota Syiria yang lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">636 M: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perang Yarmuk, dekat
sungai Yordan, menghancurkan sebuah pasukan militer Bizantium yang kuat yang
dipimpin oleh saudara Kaisar, yang terbunuh; setelah itu Syiria terbuka;
Damaskus direbut kembali.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">637 M: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perang Qâdisiyyah,
dekat Hirah, menghancurkan tentara Sâsâni yang kuat yang dikomando oleh
jenderal utama Rustam yang terbunuh; Irak sebelah barat Tigris terbuka; ibukota
Sâsâni, Ctesiphon (Mada’in), Yerusalem direbut; Bashrah dan Kufah didirikan
sebagai kota-kota garnisun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">640 M: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Caesarea (pelabuhan
dekat Palestina) akhirnya direbut, tidak ada kekuatan Bizantium apapun yang
tersisa di Syria, Mesir diserbu (berakhir tahun 639) Khûzistân direbut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">641 M: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mosul direbut; tidak
ada kekuasaan Sâsâni apapun yang tersisa di sebelah barat pegunungan Zagrosi;
perang Nihavand di Zagros membuka (menaklukkan) daerah tersebut dengan
menghancurkan tentara Sâsâni yang tersisa; Babilon di Mesir (Fusthâth/Kairo
lama) direbut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">642 M: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Iskandariah direbut;
Barqah (Tripolitania) disergap (642-643); penyergapan-penyergapan ke arah
pantai Makran, Iran tenggara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kebijakan-kebijakan
politik dan pengaturan pemerintahan Umar bin Khattab.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengatur seluruh
strategi perluasan islam bahkan pada beberapa hal sampai dengan strategi
teknis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Menegakkan keadilan
tanpa pandang bulu, menindak orang-orang yang dholim dengann tegas (dicopot
jabatannya, dll).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Membentuk Hakim (Qadhi)
di kota besar (Madinah, Syam, Mesir, dan Persia).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Membentuk lembaga
keuangan dan melakukan sensus penduduk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengendalikan seluruh
sistem pemerintahan dengan ketat (supervise/ pengendalian ketat).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Menekankan keimanan,
tanggung jawab sosial diatas pribadi hidup sederhana, keteladanan kepada
seluruh wakil-wakilnya didaerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Umar melarang memberi
zakat pada muallaf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dimulai penanggalan
Hijriyah berdasarkan Hijrahnya Umat Islam, sebagai upaya penguatan identitas
muslim.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Talak tiga sekali
ucapan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian harta
ghonimah yang tersentral & membentuk departemen keuangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Melakukan sensus
penduduk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penghapusan nikah
mut’ah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Melarang mengumpulkan
hadits, kemudian membiarkannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Selain
kebijakan-kebijakan yang progressif, umar juga mengendalikan islam saat itu
dengan pola kepemimpinan sosial yang baik, yakni:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pola hidup Umar yang
sederhana, dan sangat mengutamakan kesejahteraan umatnya khususnya orang fakir
miskin daripada keluarganya sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kasus saudara Umar yang
minta bagian maal lebih banyak, yang ditolak, karena lebih mendahulukan muslim
yang mempunyai jasa terhada islam terlebih dahulu, berdasarkan masuknya, dan
kualitas jasanya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kasus anaknya Amr bin
Ash yang menganiaya orang miskin yang kemudian dihukum dengan keras.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kasus seorang Yahudi
yang mengadu ke Umar karena rumahnya digusur oleh Amr di Mesir, yang kemudian
Amr diperingatkan oleh Umar dengan tulang yang digaris dengan pedangnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kasus pembantu yang
mencuri malah dibela, malah juragannya yang dihukum sebab tidak melaksanakan
haknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kasus anaknya Umar bin
Khattab yang minum Khamr kemudia dihukum 2 kali lipat oleh umar langsung
kemudian sakit & meninggal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saat perjalanan menuju
ke Palestina gantian dengan pembantunya serta sikap Umar melihat sambutan
mewahnya Muawiyah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kasus saat paceklik
Umar hidup prihatin sama seperti rakyatnya, dan senantiasa mengontrol keadaan
umatnya, bahkan pada suatu malam ada seorang ibu yang memasak batu untuk
menenangkan anaknya karena tidak punya makanan, ketika Umar tahu hal itu, maka
dia langsung turun tangan menyelesaikannya saat itu juga. Karena takut akan
pertanggung jawaban nantinya diakherat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sangat takut akan pertanggung
jawaban sebagai pemimpin di akherat, sehingga dia benar-benar totalitas untuk
membantu umatnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Terbunuhnya Umar bin
Khattab.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Umar meninggal pada
tahun 644 pada usia sekitar 52 (ada yang mengatakan 54 dan 60) tahun, akibat
luka-luka yang ditikamkan oleh Abu Lulu’ah, budak dari Persia milik Mughirah
ibn Syu’bah yang tidak puas atas keputusan Umar menyangkut nasibnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebelum meninggal Umar
bin Khattab mnemilih 6 orang dewan Syuro’ untuk memilih penggantinya, dan
mereka dilarang memilih anaknya Umar sendiri Abdullah bin Umar (lihat proses
pemilihan Utsman).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///G:/kerjo/MODUL%20II%20-%20SEJARAH%20KHULAFAURRASYIDIN.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Marshall Hodgson.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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